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Maize breeding
program at Lagrotech Seed Company
J.O. Mito, M.J.F.
Onim
The maize
breeding program at Lagrotech Seed Company of Kisumu, Kenya, aims to develop
adaptable, high-yielding varieties with special attributes. The program
began when Lagrotech was registered as a seed company in 2000, and it is
conducted by its Department of Research and Product Development. The
company’s breeding program focuses on problem solving. The most important
problems are low yields, unreliable rainfall patterns, diseases such as
maize streak virus, pests such as stalk borer, weeds (particularly Striga),
and poor plant attributes such as lodging. Lagrotech started with a prolific
maize open-pollinated variety (OPV) called Maseno Double Cobber that was
developed in the 1990s. This is a medium-altitude variety that also does
well in higher altitudes and is tolerant to drought conditions in lower
altitudes. It doubles the number of cobs and is suitable for roasting as it
is sweet. The breeding program has realized other products such as Lagrotech
Early, also an OPV, with a special attribute of earliness. It matures in
85–105 days depending on environmental conditions; it is flinty and yields
3.5–4 t ha–1. The company’s strategy has now shifted towards producing
hybrids, achieving more than 30, of which 3 have been recommended for
pre-release by the National Performance Trial (NPT) Committee. Three more
varieties have been entered for the national trials, making 6 Lagrotech
hybrids now undergoing NPT. The 3 varieties recommended for pre-release are
LH 1. LH 2 and LH 3, bred for medium rainfall regions. They averagely yield
7 t ha–1 and are relatively shorter with mean heights of 240–250 cm. Our
experiments have shown that they also do well in higher altitudes with
higher rainfall. In conducting this program, Lagrotech collaborates (through
germplasm exchange) with different organizations such as the International
Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), the International Institute for
Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute
(KARI). Some success has been observed through this program; for instance,
we have increased the tolerance level of our hybrids to maize streak virus.
Whenever there is a severe attack of streak, the tolerant LH series is only
mildly attacked. Experiments conducted in maize streak virus hotspots in the
short rains of 2003 revealed that only about 30% of the plants showed the
symptoms as compared with the commercial checks with incidence of 40 to 52%.
With selection and selfing, Lagrotech is developing inbred lines that are
tolerant to Striga. So far we have 15 promising lines that seem to
support a fewer number of Striga plants than the control KSTP, a
commercial Striga-tolerant variety.