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Interspecific lines developed for drought resistance under flooded and rainfed lowland conditions in Mali F. Cisse, Y. Doumbia Drought constitutes one of the most important obstacles to rice production in flooded and rainfed lowland conditions in Sahelian countries in general and Mali in particular. This explains why 57% of the cultivated areas in Mali (465,898 ha) can produce only 16% of national rice production, which was estimated at 932,588 tonnes in 2001/02. To deal with this problem, a planned approach is to combine characteristics of two cultivated species—the drought resistance of African rice Oryza glaberrima and the productivity of Asian rice O. sativa. To this effect, 160 local varieties of O. glaberrima were collected during the 2002 off season in the inland Niger River delta, to identify the source of drought resistance. Among the tested varieties, 19 showed good drought resistance during the vegetative stage. Interspecific hybridization between these varieties and elite O. sativa lines, which were used as male parents, were made during the 2003 wet season to develop populations for drought resistance.Subsequent seeds of these crosses were collected from individual plants to use in backcrossing and multiple-way crosses during 2004 off and wet seasons. At the same time, interspecific lines were selected from 200 F4 populations and 45 lines were selected from the F5 population for their drought resistance during the 2004 off seson. Five lines were selected from the F2 population derived from backcrossing (BC1F2) or from crossing several parents or from crossing using different methods(MC1F2); 38 F5 lines were selected for their superior agronomic performance; and 1 F6 line for itsdrought resistance.
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